Submitted to Pearls & Irritations 26 Aug 2025. Without civilisation, claimed Thomas Hobbes in 1651, life was, and would be, ‘solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short’. Given how nasty and brutish much of our world is at present, and how many people’s lives are shortened by our brutishness, and how many people are extremely poor,… Read More Origins of our collective brutishness